gujeHj;jdhya eldf;fy;Yhup MrpupaH

ehl;baf;fiykzp jpUkjp ikjpyp ,utPe;jpuh.

aho;g;ghzk; mupahiy Ciug; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;l MrpupaHfshd jpU jpUkjp mk;gythzH rptQhNd];tup jk;gjpapdUf;F MW Foe;ijfs;. ,tH Ie;jhtJ Foe;ijahf 1967 Mk; Mz;L khHfop khjk; 24 Mk; jpfjp gpwe;jhH. ,tH jdJ gj;jhtJ tajpy;> jpUkjp n[ae;jp rz;Kfypq;fk; mtHfis Muk;g FUthff; nfhz;L gujf;fiyiag; gapy Muk;gpj;jtH. Xd;gJ tUlq;fs; mtuplk; gapd;W> mtuplk; eldk; fw;w khztpfSs; tl ,yq;if rq;fPj rigg; guPl;irapy; 1986k; Mz;L rpj;jpaile;J> gujfyhtpj;jfH vd;w gl;lk; ngw;w KjyhtJ khztpahthH. ehl;baf; fiykzp jpUkjp n[ae;jp rz;Kfypq;fk; mtHfsplk; eldj;ijf; fw;ifapy; gy eld epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;fspj;Jf; nfhz;ltH.; eld epfo;r;rpfSs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit jhl;rhazp fy;ahzk;> es jkae;jp Mfpa eld ehlfq;fs.; ,tw;wpNy KiwNa jhl;rhazp> jkae;jp Mfpa ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;W ebj;jtH.

1986 Mk; Mz;L gujeHj;jdhyak; vd;w ghlrhiyia Mrpupaupd; MrpAld; xU rpy khztHfSld; Muk;gpj;jhH. gpd;G gy khztHfisj; ,g;ghlrhiy Njbf;nfhz;lJ. MrpupaH mtHfs; 1987 Mk; Mz;L ehl;Lg;gpur;rpid fhuzkhf fdlh nrd;wikapdhy; mtuplk; fw;w khztpfisj; jhNk nghWg;Ngw;W eldk; fw;g;gpj;J> gy khztpfs; tl ,yq;ifr; rq;fPj rigapy; MrpupaHjuk; tiuapy; rpj;jpaile;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,t;thW tpNrl rpj;jp ngw;w ,U khztpfshd nry;tp fPjhQ;ryp ,uh[Nfhghyd;> gpNukh Re;juypq;fk; Mfpa khztpfs; tl ,yq;ifr; rq;fPjrigapd; Mjutpy; 1990 Mk; Mz;L muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhHfs;.

f ngh j caHjug; guPl;irapy; eldj;ij xU ghlkhf gapd;W ,uhkehjd; Ez;fiyf; fy;Yhupapy; rpj;jpaile;jtH. ,yq;ifapy; gujehl;baj;ij tsHj;j guk;giuapy; rpwe;jtHfspy; xUtuhd jpUkjp rhe;jpdp rptNerd; mtHfNs ,tuJ Mrpupauhf mg; ghlrhiyapy; mr;rkak; flikahw;wpatH.

mjd; gpd; aho; gy;fiyf;fof ,uhkehjd; Ez;fiyg; gpuptpy; rpwe;j eld MrpupaHfsplk; gapd;W jpwikr; rpj;jp ngw;W> 1991 Mk; Mz;L ehl;baf;fiykzpg; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;wtH. jpUkjp yPyh nry;tuh[h> jpUkjp fpU\he;jp ,utPe;jpuh> jpUkjp gj;kuQ;rdp ckhrq;fH> rhe;jh nghd;Dj;Jiu( rpW fhyk;)> mD\h kapy;thfd; (rpW fhyk;)> fyhkjp gpughfud;> mk;gpif fq;fhjud; Nghd;w gy MrpupaHfsplk; eldj;ij mq;F fw;whH. aho; gy;fiyf;fof Ez;fiyg; gPlj;jpy; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;wgpd; %d;W Mz;Lfs; tpupTiuahsuhf mq;F flikahw;wpdhH. mt;thW flik Mw;Wifapy; gy eld epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. 1993 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w gl;lkspg;Gf; fiytpohtpy; gQ;ruj;jpdf; fPHj;jidfspw;F gujehl;bak; Mf;Fk; gupNrhjid Kaw;rpapy; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfspy; xUtH. Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ntspthupahf eilngWk; guPl;iuapy; jkpo;> murpay; mwptpay;> ,e;J ehfuPfk; Mfpa ghlq;fspy; 1993 Mk; Mz;L rpj;jpaile;J> fiyg;gl;ljhupg; gl;lk; ngw;wtH. ,tH nfhf;Ftpy; fyhgtd ,af;FeH Mf tpsq;Fk; %j;j fiyQH jpUkjp rhe;jpdp rptNerd; mtHfsplk; eldk;> el;Lthq;fk; gapd;W jd;id NkYk; tsHj;jhh;

Aho; gy;fiyf;fof ,U khztHfs; filrp tUlj;jpy; nra;j Mw;Wifaapy; (eldehlfq;fs;) gq;Nfw;whH. mit 1994 Mk; Mz;L ftpjh rptfNzrd; (jw;NghJ NehHNt) jahupj;J toq;fpa “ee;jyhyh” eld ehlfj;jpy; fpU\;zdpd; je;ijahfTk; (ee;jNfhtH)> mw;Gjuhzp fpUguh[; (jw;NghJ fdlh) mtHfs; jahupj;J toq;fpa “fhdy;tup” eld ehlfj;jpy; NfhtydhFk; ghj;jpuk; Vw;W ebj;jtH.

;

1992 Mk; Mz;L rq;fPjG+\zk; jpU jpUkjp ghyrpq;fk; mtHfsJ Gj;jpupf;F aho;gy;fiyf;fof ifyhrgjp muq;fpy; muq;Nfw;wk; ntF rpwg;ghfr; nra;jhH. ,J ,tuJ %d;whtJ muq;Nfw;wk;. ,tuplk; fw;w gy khztHfs; aho; gy;fiyf;fof Ez;fiyg;gPlj;jpy; gujehl;baj;ij gapd;W rpj;jpnaa;jp ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. 1993 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpah nrd;W gj;k = jpU milahW Nf yf;RkzplKk; mtuJ rNfhjupahd jpUkjp ehfkzp =dpthruhtplKk; gy cUg;gbfisf; fw;Fk; tha;g;igg; ngw;whH. mj;NjhL gy;fiyf;fof etuhj;jpuptpoh> ,sq;fiyQH kd;wtpoh> mupahiy rdr%fepiyak;> mupahiy ru];tjp kj;jpa rdrKf epiyak; Nghd;w gy ,lq;fspy; jhd; eld epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;nfLj;jJld; nfhz;lJld>; khztHfisAk; gy NkilNaw;wpa jpwik ,tiur; rhUk;

1995 Mk; Mz;L Rz;Lf;Fsp kfspHfy;Yhupapy; flikahf;fpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fifapy; ehl;Lg;gpur;rpid fhuzkhf nfhOk;gpw;F ,lk; ngaHe;jhH. mq;Fk; ,g;ghlrhiyia epWtp eldk; fw;gpf;ifapy; kjptjdp gukhde;jk; vd;gtUf;F muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhH. ,J ,tuJ ehd;fhtJ muq;Nfw;wkhFk;. mq;Fk; gy eldepfo;r;rpfs; jahupj;J toq;fpdhH. ,tuJ khztHfs; gy NgH eld MrpupaHfshf cynjq;Fk; trpj;J ,f; fiyiag; gug;gptUfpwhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

1997 Mk; Mz;L jpU f ,utPe;jpuh vd;gtiuj; jpUkzk; nra;jhH. fztH NehHNt ehl;by; trpj;J te;jikapdhy; ,tUk; NehHNt ehl;bw;F ,lk; ngauNtz;ba epHge;jj;jpw;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhH. ,q;F x];Nyh khefupy; gujeHj;jdhyaj;ij epWtp 22 tUlq;fshf ,jid elhj;jp tUfpwhH. ,q;F 2000 Mk; Mz;L ftpjh tpf;Nd];tud; mtfSf;F muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhH. ,J ,tuJ Ie;jhtJ muq;Nfw;wk;. ,d;W ,k; khztp jhNd xU eldg;ghlrhiyapid ehlhj;jp tUfpd;whH. gy khztpfSf;F mtH eldk; fw;gpf;fpwhH. ikjpyp ,utPe;jpuh mtHfspd; ,uz;L khztHfshd rhfk;ghp kfhypq;fk;;> ml;rap kfhypq;fk; mtHfsJ muq;Nfw;wk; ,yz;ld; khefupy; 2009 Mk; Mz;L rpwg;ghf eilngw;wJ. ,tuJ khztpahd mQ;ryp ,uh[Nfhghy; mtHfsJ muq;Nfhw;wk; 2013 X];Nyhtpy; kpfTk; tpkupirahf elhj;jg;gl;lJ. mtH ,d;W “yak;”; vd;fpd;w ghlrhiyia mikj;J> gy Nkil epfo;Tfis elhj;jp tUfpwhH. ,q;F ,tuplk; fw;w khztHfs; gyH eld MrpupaHfshf tpsq;FfpwhHfs;.

,tH x];Nyhtpy; trpj;JtUfpd;w %j;j rpy eldf; fiyQHfspy; xUtH. ,q;F ,tH jahupj;J toq;fpa epfo;r;rpfs; gy. mtw;Ws; rpy jpUf;Fswpw;F eldk;> es jkae;jp eld ehlfk;> ,yq;if nky;ypirg; ghlYf;F eldk;> gy ftpijfSf;F eldk;> etu] ,uhkhazk; Nghd;wd Fwpg;gpj;jf;fit. ,q;F jkpoHfSf;F kl;Lky;yhJ NehHNt[pa kf;fspw;Fk; gy eld epfo;r;rpapid toq;fp tUfpd;whH. Safe the Children, Sos children’s Villages, Yogafestival, Oslo Municipality, Folk Museum Nghd;w NehHNtapd; mikg;Gf;fspw;Fk; kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fspw;fhf = Rg;gpukzpa Myak;> JHf;fh mk;kd; Myak;> NehHNt jkpo;rq;fk;> <oj;jkpoHrq;fk; (Trondheim) jkpoHGdHtho;Tf;fofk;> jpUkjp ky;ypfh ehfuhrh> , uh =jud; mtHfspd; Rdhkp ,ir ,Wntl;L ntspaPL Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfspYk; gujeHj;jdhyahtpd; khztHfs; fye;J rpwg;gpj;Js;shHfs;. gujeHj;jdhyah jdJ Mz;Ltpohf;fis gy Kiw NehHNt tho; ,irf;fiyQHfSld; ,ize;Jk>; Vida ehl;Lf; fiyQHfSld; ,ize;Jk; kf;fSf;F gy eld epfo;Tfis mspj;JtUfpwJ. NehHNtapy; eilngw;w gyupd; gujehl;bag; gl;lliwapy; ,tUk;> ,tuJ khztHfSk; fye;Js;sdH. mtHfspy; rpyH ,yl;Rkp ,uhkrhkp> Nuh[h fz;zd;> eHj;jfp eluh[h> =fyh ghuj;.

jw;NghJ ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fs; kl;Lky;y ,e;jpakf;fs;> NehHNt[pa kf;fs; rpyH ,tuplk; eldk; fw;fpwhHfs;. jw;NghJ NehHNt ehl;by; ,aq;fp tUfpd;w mz;lk; Clfj;jpd; jhd; eldk; nra;Jk;> khztpfspd; eldq;fisAk; jahupj;J toq;fp tUfpwhH ehl;ba fiykzp ikjpyp ,utPe;jpuh mtHfs;. gujeHj;jdhya khztpfs; ,yz;ldpy; ,aq;fptUk; Oriental Examination Board London vd;w epWtdj;jhy; elhj;jg;gLfpd;w eldg; guPl;irfspy; Njhw;wp tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 20 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l khztHfs; Mrpupa juk; tiuf; fw;Wj; NjwpAs;shHfs;. rpy khztHfs; NehHNt Ez;fiy kd;wj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gLk; guPl;irapYk; Njhw;wp tUfpwhHfs;. ,r; guPl;irapy; ehd;F khztHfs; Mrpupa juj;jpy; rpj;jpaile;Js;shHfs;.

“jhd;ngw;w ,d;gk; ngWf ,t; itafk;” vd;gjw;F ,zq;f jhd; fw;w fiy mwpit kw;wtHfspw;Fk; gapw;Wtpj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky;> jdJ rpwe;j ehl;ba gilg;Gf;fshYk; kf;fis ,d;Gw itg;gtuhfTk;> r%fr;rpe;jid Cl;LgtuhfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpwhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,tuJ khztpfSk; kpfTk; Njly;kpf;ftuhfTk; fiyahHtk; kpf;ftHfs; MfTk; tpsq;fp tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,tH gj;J Mz;Lfshff; Foe;ijapy;yhk; ,Ue;J 11Mk; tUlj;jpy; (2008;) xU ngz; Foe;ijf;Fj; jha; MfpdhH. Foe;ijapd; ngaH rpd;kap. ,tupd; fztH ,utPe;jpuh mtHfspd; cjtpAld; ,f; fiyf;$lj;ij elhj;jptUfpwhH. ,tH 35 tUlfhykhf ,e;j eldg; ghlrhiyia elhj;jptUfpwhH.

gujeHjdhyah eldg;gs;spapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspy; Kf;fpakhdjhf gujf;fiyia tsHg;gJk;> ,q;Fs;s khztHfSf;F fiy> fyhr;rhuj;ij Nghjpg;gJld; mtHfspd; Mf;fj;jpwid tsHg;gJk>; kdpjNeaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf epfo;r;rpfis epfo;j;JtJkhFk;. ,e;jg;gzpia gujeHj;jdhyak; njhlHe;J nra;tJld; ,d;iwa cyfpy; kpfj;Njitahff; fUjg;gLtjhd cupikfSld; $ba mikjpia typAWj;JtJ ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. rhjhuzkf;fspw;F kl;Lky;yhJ gytpjkhd ,d;dy;fSf;Fk; kdTisr;ry;fspw;Fk; cl;gl;bUf;Fk; vk; kf;fSf;Fk;> ,q;Fs;s kf;fSf;Fk; MWjy; mspg;gjw;Fk;> fspg;G+l;Ltjw;Fk; vkJ eldg;gs;sp Kad;W tUfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; gy ,d;dy;fSf;F cs;shfpapUf;Fk; vkJ jkpo; kf;fSf;F cjtpnra;tJk;> mtHfs; tho topnra;jYk; vkJ eldg;gs;sp Nghd;w gy Gyk;ngaH mikg;Gf;fspd; flikahFk;. fiyahHtKs;s khztHfSf;F njhlHe;J gbg;gjw;F NehHNtapd; fy;tpj;jpizf;fofj;jpd; %ykhf mtHfspd; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fs; ,izg;gjw;F ,q;Fs;s midj;J Ez;fiy mikg;Gf;fSk; ,e;eldg;gs;spAld; ,ize;J Kaw;r;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vkJ mth MFk;.

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